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Privacy and Security Laws Found in the States

Several types of laws already in existence affect the treatment of information about individuals. Some of those are quite broad, like California’s constitutionally protected Right of Privacy. Others are quite specific. Many of the laws are concerned with the protection of records gathered by the states themselves:

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Nanotechnology

The prefix nano (Greek for “dwarf”)means billionth -a billionth of a meter is a nanometer- but is also applied to small devices whose size might conveniently be measured in nanometers. Creation of such devices, usually those less than 100 nanometers in any dimension, is called nanotechnology.

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What is Personalization?

Personalization is the automated process that tries to predict what the user wants next and presents it. The perfect implementation would be presenting the right content at the right time, every time.

Businesses use a number of techniques to try to produce that perfect implementation. Some of the techniques are simple ideas in complex implementations: keep track of what the customer did in previous visits and make guesses about what the customer does next. That’s what Amazon.com’s Recommendations process does.

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Instant Messengers (IMs)

When you meet someone for the first time, do you ask their ASL? Do you LOL if they come out with something funny, and say ‘CU L8er’ when you finish the conversation? If you know what I’m talking about, then you are probably already a user of Instant Messaging, or IM.

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I’m Yours

Will you be able to sing like him? May be better than him, may be worse. But what I can say surely is that you may not be as cute as him. :)

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Cryptography

Bit & Bytes

A bit is a smallest unit of information that a computer can work on and can take two values “1” and “0”, although sometimes depending on context the values of “true” and “false” are used. On most modern computers, we do not work directly on bits but on a collection of bits, sometimes called a word, the smallest of which is a byte. Today, a byte by default means 8 bits, but technically it can range from 4 to 10 units. The odd values are from either old or experimental CPU architectures that aren’t really in use anymore. To be precise, many standards use octet to mean 8 bits, but we’ll use the more common byte. Modern CPUs operate on much larger word sizes: the term 32-bit microprocessor means the CPU operates primarily on 32-bit words in one clock cycle. It can , of course, operate on 8-bit words, but it doesn’t mean it happens any faster. Many CPUs also have special instructions that sometimes can operate on larger words, such as SSE and similar instructions for multimedia, as well as vector processing , such as on the PowerPC.

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